100 原子核 Atomic Nucleus (https://www.nuclear-power.com/) 原子核 After discovery of the neutron in 1932 by the English physicist James Chadwick, models for a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons were quickly developed by Dmitri Ivanenko and Werner Heisenberg. 1932年,英国物理学家詹姆斯·查德威克发现中子后,德米特里·伊万年科和维尔纳·海森堡迅速建立了由质子和中子组成的原子核模型。 All matter except dark matter is made of molecules, which are themselves made of atoms. The atoms consist of two parts. An atomic nucleus and an electron cloud, which are bound together by electrostatic force. The nucleus itself is generally made of protons and neutrons but even these are composite objects. Inside the protons and neutrons, we find the quarks. 除了暗物质,所有的物质都是由分子组成的,而分子本身是由原子组成的。原子由两部分组成。原子核和电子云,通过静电力结合在一起。原子核本身通常是由质子和中子组成的,但即使是这些也都是复合物体。在质子和中子内部,我们找到了夸克。 Inside the atomic nucleus, the residual strong force, also known as the nuclear force, acts to hold neutrons and protons together in nuclei. In nuclei, this force acts against the enormous repulsive electromagnetic force of the protons. The term residual is associated with the fact, it is the residuum of the fundamental strong interaction between the quarks that make up the protons and neutrons. The residual strong force acts indirectly through the virtual π and ρ mesons, which transmit the force between nucleons that holds the nucleus together. 在原子核内部,剩余的强作用力,也被称为核力,作用是将中子和质子聚集在原子核中。在原子核中,这个力用于抵抗质子间巨大排斥性电磁力。残留这个词基于这样一个事实,它是组成质子和中子的夸克之间的基本强相互作用的残留。残留的强作用力通过虚π介子和ρ介子间接作用,它们在原子核之间传递力,使原子核保持在一起。 注: (以下内容来自百度百科) 强核力是作用于强子之间的力,是所知的四种宇宙间基本作用力中最强的,也是作用距离第二短的(大约在 10^(-15) 10^(-10) m 范围内)。最早研究的强相互作用 是核子 (质子或中子)之间的核力 ,它是使核子结合成原子核 的作用。自1947年发现与核子作用的π介子 以后,实验陆续发现了几百种有强相互作用的粒子 ,这些粒子统称为强子。