婚恋：Menmorejealousofsexualinfid

　　标题：Menmorejealousofsexualinfidelitythanemotionalinfidelitytheoppositetrueforwomen
　　作者：NORWEGIANINSTITUTEOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY
　　原文链接：http：www。psypost。org201510menmorejealousofsexualinfidelitythanemotionalinfidelitytheoppositetrueforwomen38319
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　　Ifyourpartnerhassexwithsomeoneelse，itisconsideredinfidelityevenifnoemotionsareinvolved。Butitisalsoconsideredinfidelitywhenyoursignificantotherdevelopsaclosepersonalrelationshipwithsomeoneelse，evenifthereisnosexorphysicalintimacyinvolved。
　　ArecentNorwegianstudyshowsthatmenandwomenreactdifferentlytovarioustypesofinfidelity。Whereasmenaremostjealousofsexualinfidelity，socalledemotionalinfidelityiswhatmakeswomenthemostjealous。Evolutionarypsychologymayhelpexplainwhythismaybe。
　　Significantgenderdifferences
　　“Menandwomen’spsychologyissimilarinmostareasbutnotwhenitcomestoreproduction，”saysAssociateProfessorMonsBendixen，fromtheNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology’s（NTNU）DepartmentofPsychology。
　　HehasteamedupwithNTNUProfessorLeifEdwardOttesenKennairandProfessorDavidBussattheUniversityofTexas，Austintopublishtheirstudyofjealousyinvolvingmorethan1，000participants。
　　Althoughtheevolutionarypsychologistshadexpectedwomenandmentoresponddifferentlytoquestionsaboutinfidelityandjealousy，theyweresurprisedthatthedifferencesweresostrong。
　　Norwayisoneoftheworld’scountrieswiththegreatestdegreeofgenderequality。Fathersareexpectedtobetherefortheirchildren，fromchangingdiaperstochildcare。Norwegianpaternityleaveandotherlegalregulationssendthemessagethatmenshouldinvesttimeintheirfamilies。Atthesametimesupportforsingleparentsmakesitpossibletoraisechildrenaloneifdadsdon’tpulltheirweight。
　　Andyet，eveninNorway’scultureofsubstantialgenderequality，largesexdifferencespersistinwhattriggersjealousyinmenandwomen。
　　Ishethechild’sfather？
　　Recentresearchonjealousyconsiderstwomaintypesofinfidelity：Havingsexwithapersonoutsidetherelationship，ordevelopinganemotionalattachmenttoapersonoutsidetherelationship
　　Psychologyhastwocontrastingtheoreticalperspectivesonmenandwomen’semotionalresponsestoinfidelity。Thefirsthasitsrootsinculturalgenderroleswhiletheothertakesanevolutionarypsychologyperspective。
　　Thefirstperspectivemaintainsthatinaculturewithahighdegreeofequality，menandwomeninterprettheworldsimilarlybecauseofmoreequalityinsocializationandgenderroles，thanisthecaseinaculturewithalowdegreeofequality。Accordingtothisapproach，thehumanmindislargelyshapedbythedifferentrolesthatculturesassigntowomenandmenandtheexperiencestheyhaveinthoseroles。
　　Theevolutionaryperspectiveisdifferent。Accordingtothisapproach，menandwomenoverthousandsofgenerationshavehadtoadapttodifferentchallengesthatarerelatedtoreproduction。Infidelityisonesuchchallenge。Amanmustdecidewhetherhereallyisthefatherofhispartner’schild，andifheshouldchoosetoinvestallhisprotectionandstatusresourcesonthischild。Sincethedawnoftimemenhavegrappledwithpaternityinsecurity，sincefertilizationoccursinsideawoman’sbody。
　　Accordingtotheevolutionarypsychologyexplanation，men’sjealousyisanemotionalreactiontosignsofsexualinfidelity。Thejealousyservestoreducethechancesthathispartnerischeating，sincehethenmonitorshermoreclosely。
　　Ourancestralmotherschosecarefully
　　It’sadifferentstoryforthechild’smother。Sheknowsforsurethatsheisthechild’smother，butshemustensurethatthechild’sfatherwillprovidetheiroffspringwithfoodandthesecurityandsocialstatusitneeds。Thegreatestthreatforthewomanisnotthatthemanhassexwithotherwomen，butthathespendstimeandresourcesonwomenotherthanher。
　　Womentodayaredescendantsofwomenwhooverthousandsofgenerationshavereactedwithjealousytomenwhosentsignalsthattheywerelessinvestedinthem。Evolutionarypsychologistsbelievethatwomenareespeciallysensitivetosignsthatthemanisdevotingtimeandattentiontootherwomen。
　　AccordingtoBendixen，womenwhowereindifferenttowhetheramanwasemotionallyattachedtootherwomenweremorelikelytohavetotakecareofthechildwithouthisresources。Menwhowereindifferenttowhetherthewomanhadsexwithothersandwhothereforeinvestedresourcesonothermen’schildren，endeduppassingonfeweroftheirgenes。Wearedescendantsofmenandwomenwhohaverespondedappropriatelytothesethreats，saysBendixen。
　　Headdsthatneitherpastexperienceswithinfidelitynorwhetherweareinarelationshipseemtoaffectmen’sandwomen’sreactionstoinfidelity。
　　“Theculturalgenderroleperspectivebelievesthatjealousyislearned，butwefeelconfidentthatthesereactionsaremechanismsthatarepartofanevolvedhumanmind，givencomparablefindingsacrossseveralnations，”Bendixensays。
　　Twodifferentmeasurementmethods
　　Intherecentstudy，publishedintheNovember2015issueofPersonalityandIndividualDifferences，participantswererandomlygivenoneoffourversionsofaquestionnaireaboutjealousy。Halftherespondentswereaskedtocheckoffwhethertheemotionalorsexualaspectofinfidelitywasthemostupsettingtotheminfourdifferentinfidelityscenariosasocalled“forcedchoice”paradigm。
　　Ttheywereaskedtoreportonascalefrom1（notatall）to7（very）howjealousorupsettheywerewhenthescenariosdescribedeitheremotionalorsexualinfidelity。
　　Inaddition，theorderofthequestionswaschangedinhalfoftheforms，sosomerespondentswereaskedabouttheirexperienceswithinfidelitybeforetheyansweredthescenarioquestions。Theremainingrespondentsansweredthesequestionsafterthescenarioquestions。Thismanipulationturnedouttohavenoeffectonhowparticipantsresponded。
　　“Asintwoofourpreviousstudies，wefoundclearsexdifferencesinthejealousyresponsesamongthosewhohadtochoosewhichaspectofinfidelitywasmostupsettingtothem。Wealsofoundsimilarsexdifferenceswhenweusedacontinuousmeasureparadigm。Thesesexdifferencesareremarkable，sincetheywereobtainedusingtwoalternativemethodsofmeasurement，andinahighlyegalitariannationwithhighpaternalinvestmentexpectancy，”Bendixensaid。