Adolescentsmoreeconomicallyrat

　　标题：Adolescentsmoreeconomicallyrationalthanyoungadults，researchersfind
　　source：psypost丨DUKEUNIVERSITY
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　　Teenagersareirrationalandmakebaddecisions。Ordothey？AnewDukestudyfindsthatadolescentsages10to16canbemoreanalyticalintheireconomicchoicesthanmanyslightlyolderyoungadults。
　　PublishedonlineintheOctoberDecemberissueofCognitiveDevelopment，thestudysuggestsnotonlythatsocietyshouldgiveadolescentsmorecreditforrationalitybutalsothatparentsshouldhelpchildrenhonetheircostbenefitanalysisskillsinmakingreallifedecisions。
　　“Thenewresultspointtotheideathatweshouldnotthinkofadolescentsasbeingirrational，”saidcorrespondingauthorScottHuettel，aprofessorofpsychologyandneuroscienceatDuke。“What’sdifferentaboutthemistheydon’tusesimplerulesaseffectively。”
　　Suchsimplerulesarethementalshortcutspeopletakeindecisionmakingoftentotheirbenefitastheyageandgainmoreexperience。Mostadultsapplythe“don’tdrinkanddrive”rule，forexample，toavoidgettinginacarwithsomeonewho’sbeendrinking。Incontrast，teensmaymorecarefullyweighthisdecision。
　　“Adolescentsaregoingtobemorelikelytousecostbenefitanalysisthanthe（simplerules）thatadultsuse。Thatcangetthesekidsintoalotoftrouble，”Huettelsaid。
　　Inthenewstudy，participantswerepresentedwiththreescenarios（A，B，andC）andaskedtopickthebestone。Eachscenariocontainedasetofoutcomesthatcouldleadtowinningorlosingdifferentsumsofmoney。
　　ForexampleifthesubjectspickedscenarioA，theyhadaonethirdchanceofwinning，say6，onethirdchanceofwinning4，andaonethirdchanceoflosing4。ScenariosBandCeachcamewiththeirownchancestowinorlosethreedifferentdollaramounts。
　　Youngadultswhowere22yearsold，onaverageusedsimplerules。Astheycompletedmoretrials，theycountedthenumberofwinsandlossesineachscenarioandpickedtheonewiththemostwins，ignoringthedollaramountofeachpotentialgainorloss。
　　Adolescents，ontheotherhand，accountedforthemagnitudeofthepotentialwinorlossandchosescenariostominimizeloss。
　　“Iwassurprisedbyhowconsistenttheeffectswere，”Huettelsaid。“Prettymucheverywherewelooked，adolescentsweretheoneswholookedmoreeconomicallyrational。”
　　Trackingtheparticipants’eyesastheycompletedthetaskgavecluesabouthowtheywereprocessingtheinformation。Adolescentsconsistentlyviewedalmostallthepossibleoutcomesoftheirchoicesthroughouttheexperiment。
　　Incontrast，youngadultslookedatalmosteverythinginitially，butastheexperimentprogressedtheystartedtoignoreinformationthatwasn’tusefultothem。Theyalsospentlesstimethanadolescentsviewingeachoutcome，thestudyfound。
　　Otherresearchhasshownthatadolescentsaren’tnecessarilymoreriskseekingbutthattheyaremoresensitivetogoodoutcomescomparedwithadults。Teensalsoplacemorevalueinsocialinteractionsandapproval。
　　Huettel’sgroupisstudyingtheroleofpeersinadolescentdecisionmaking，whiletrackingeyemovementsandbrainactivity。Thisresearch，andthenewstudy，mayinformnewwaysofcoachingadolescentstomakesmarterdecisions，Huettelsaid。