【已领】AreYouaHeadPersonoraHeartP

　　标题：AreYouaHeadPersonoraHeartPerson？
　　source：nymag丨ChristianJarrett
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　　Imaginemeetingastrangerandhavingachancetolearnwhatsortofpersontheyarebyaskingjustonequestion。Youmighttrytheobvious：“Areyouanintrovertoranextrovert？”Oryoucouldprobetheirpoliticalleanings：“AreyouRepublicanorDemocrat？”Ineachcase，you’dhopetheanswerwouldtellyouafairbitabouttheperson’spsychology。
　　Here’saquestionyouprobablywouldn’tthinkof，butwhichnewresearchsuggestscouldbesurprisinglyinformative：“Doyouthinkyour‘self’islocatedinyourheartorinyourbrain？”
　　RelatedStoriesAtaNeurologicalLevel，NarcissistsAreNeedyWhat’sHappeninginYourBrainWhenYouCan’tStayAwake
　　There’ssomerecentresearchhistorytothisquestion：Aseriesofstudiespublishedin2013askedthisquestiontohundredsofundergradstudentsatNorthDakotaStateUniversity。Theresearchers，AdamFettermanandMichaelRobinson，foundthatpeople’sanswerscorrelatedwitharangeofimportantandrevealingpsychologicalcharacteristics。
　　Forexample，peoplewhosaidtheir“self”waslocatedintheirheart（abouthalftherespondents）weremorelikelytobefemale，and“heartlocators”ofeithersexweremorelikelytorelyontheiremotionswhenmakinghypotheticalmoraldecisions，suchashowtorespondtoasadisticprisonguardwhosayshewillkillyoursonandanotherprisonerunlessyoukillyourownson。Inthissituation，heartlocatorsweremorelikelythan“headlocators”tosaythey’drefusetokilltheirownsonthemoreemotionaland，inthespecificcircumstances，lessrationalchoicebecausetheywereeffectivelycondemningtwopeopletodieratherthanone。
　　Otherstudiesintheseriesfoundthatpeoplewhosawtheirselfaslocatedintheirbraintendedtoperformbetterongeneralknowledgetestsandtoreactlessemotionallytostress。Ofcourse，werefertotheheartandbrainmetaphoricallyallthetime（“followyourheart”versus“useyourhead”）inawaythatsuggestswethinkoftheheartasrepresentingtheemotionsandtheheadastheseatofreason。Thesesurveyfindingssuggestthatwhethersomeoneseestheiressenceasbeinglocatedintheirheartorbraintellsussomethingliteralaboutthepersoninquestion。
　　Now，researchershavetakenthisideainnew，evenmorenuancedandinterestingdirections。
　　ArecentstudyinOrganizationalBehaviorandHumanDecisionProcessesreportsthatwherepeoplelocatetheirsenseofselfevenhasramificationsfortheirviewsoncontroversialmedicalissuessuchasabortionlawsandtheappropriatecriteriafordeterminingwhetherapersonisdead。
　　InsurveysofhundredsofU。S。andIndiancitizensconductedonlineviaAmazon’sMechanicalTurkwebsite，theresearchteam，ledbyAdamGalinskyatColumbiaBusinessSchool，usedarangeofcreativewaysforestablishingwhethersomeoneisaheartpersonorabrainpersonthesetechniquespromptedparticipantstoreflectmoredeeplythanwouldastraightforwardquestion，andgaveanindicationofhowmuchapersonlocatedtheirselfintheheartversusthebrainorotherbodypart，ratherthanitbeingasimpleeitherorissue。
　　Forexample，livesoninthesepeople。Imagine，too，thatyouhad100milliontobequeathtothedifferentorganrecipientshowwouldyoudistributethemoneyamongthem？Theresearchersfoundmostpeoplegavethelion’sshareofthemoneytothebrainreceiverandheartreceiver（presumably，participantssawtheserecipientsasnowcontainingmoreoftheirownessence），withonlyasmallamountpassedontothereceiversoftheeyes，stomach，spine，andotherparts。Consistentwiththeresearchfrom2013，therewasevidencethatmenaremoreoftenprimarilyheadlocators：Theyshowedastrongtendencytogivemoremoneytothebrainrecipientthanheartrecipient，whereasthisbiaswasfarweakerinwomen。
　　Theresearchersalsofoundthistimeusingasimplerquestionaboutwheretheselfislocatedthatheartlocatorsofeithersexweremorelikelytoendorseproposalsforstricterabortionlawsbasedontheinitialdetectionofaheartbeatinthefetus，andtoendorsetheideathataperson’sdeathshouldbedeterminedbywhentheheartstopsbeatingratherthanbraindeath。InasurveyofU。S。collegestudents，theseresearchersfurtherestablishedperhapsunsurprisinglythatheartlocatorsaremorelikelytosupportheartdiseasecharitiesandthatbrainlocatorsarebiasedtowardbrainbasedcharities（suchasanAlzheimer’sdiseasecharity）。