source：futurity 欲翻译的小伙伴，可评论领稿，并把完成的译文贴在评论处。谢谢 EuropeanAmericansworktomaximizepositivefeelingsandminimizenegativeonesmorethanChinesepeopledo，anewstudysuggests。 “Cultureteachesuswhichemotionalstatestovalue，whichcaninturnshapetheemotionsweexperience，”saysJeanneTsai，professorofpsychologyatStanfordUniversity。 AnumberofstudiesbyotherresearchershaveshownthatpeoplefromChineseandotherEastAsianculturesaremorelikelytofeelbothnegativeandpositiveor“mixedemotions”duringgoodevents，suchasdoingwellonanexam。 Ontheotherhand，AmericansofEuropeandescentaremorelikelytojustfeelpositiveduringgoodevents，afindingthatcanbeexplainedbyculturaldifferencesinmodelsofthe“self。” FITTINGIN Americanstendtobemoreindividualisticandfocusonstandingout，whereasChinesetendtobemorecollectivistic，focusingonfittingin，Tsaisays。“Inmulticulturalsocietieslikeours，thiscanleadtodeepmisunderstandings。” Forinstance，AmericansmightviewChinesewhofeelbadduringgoodeventsasbeingdepressed，wheninfacttheyarefeelinghowtheircultureexpectsthemtofeel。 “AlthoughAmericansknowwhatit’sliketolookforthegoodinthebadthesilverliningtheyarelesslikelytoseethebadinthegood，comparedtoChinese，”addsTamaraSims，apsychologypostdoctoralfellowandleadauthorofthepaperintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology。 Previousresearchhasn’texaminedtherolethatemotionalvaluesplayinthisdifference。Thenewresearchfocusesonhowmuchpeopleintwodifferentcultureswanttomaximizepositiveemotionsandminimizenegativeones。 MIXEDEMOTIONS Infourdifferentstudies，atotalof690participantsincludingEuropeanAmericans，ChineseAmericansintheUnitedStates，andChineseinHongKongandBeijing，weregivenquestionnairesthatassessedtheiremotions，values，andhowmuchtheyideallywantedtofeelpositiverelativetonegativeemotions。 Intwoofthestudies，forexample，participantscarriedhandhelddevicesthatbeepedrandomlyduringtheday。Whentheybeeped，participantsratedhowtheyideallywantedtofeelandhowtheyactuallyfeltatthatmoment。 ThosestudiesshowedthatEuropeanAmericansandChineseAmericansexperiencedfewermixedemotionsthanHongKongandBeijingChinese，andthatthosedifferenceswererelatedtohowmuchthosepeoplewantedtomaximizetheirpositiveemotionsandminimizetheirnegativeones。 Inanotherstudy，EuropeanAmericanandHongKongChineseparticipantswatchedTVclipsfromthetelevisionshowXFactor，amusicalcompetitionseriesandwereaskedtorate“Howpositiveareyoufeelingrightnow？”and“Hownegativeareyoufeelingrightnow？”ona5pointscale。 Theclipstheywatcheddifferedinhowwellthecontestantsperformed。Theviewerswereaskedtoputthemselvesintotheshoesofthecontestants。Beforewatchingtheclips，halfoftheparticipantswereinstructedtofocusonthepositivebutnotthenegative，whereastheotherhalfwereinstructedtofocusonboth。 FOCUSONTHEPOSITIVE Thepeoplewhowereinstructedtofocusonthepositivebutnotthenegativewerelesslikelytoexperiencemixedemotionsduringtheclips。 Overall，thefindingsshowthatthemorepeoplewanttomaximizepositivefeelingsandminimizenegativeones，thelesslikelytheyaretoexperiencethebadwiththegood。 Becausepeopleareoftenunawareofhowculturalideasandpracticesshapeemotions，manyassumethateveryonewantstofeelthesameway，Tsaisays。 PreviousresearchbyTsaiandSimsfocusedondoctorpatientconnections，andtherolethatwantingtofeeldifferenttypesofpositiveemotionsexcitementvs。calmhasontheserelationships。Thislatestresearchconcernsthedegreetowhichpeoplewanttofeelpositiverelativetonegativeemotions。 Thefindingshaveimplicationsforotherresearchonmixedemotions。Forexample，StanfordpsychologyProfessorLauraCarstensenhasfoundthataspeopleintheUnitedStatesgrowolder，theyexperiencemoremixedemotions。 Source：StanfordUniversity
心理学谈之爱与归属的需要当我足够爱，才敢失去你心理趣谈《“吃书”与“煮书”》问世间钱为何物与不满的幽灵对抗父母也有“叛逆期”心理趣谈《乞丐和欲望》心理学谈之生理的需要人格发展阶段健康心理人格特点偏执型人格障碍心理咨询一般要做多久