2019届高考英语动词过去分词语法复习

　　高中英语语法之动词过去分词
　　简介
　　规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成(具体规则见后)，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。过去分词则属于类动词
　　1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还表示已完成了. the cup is broken. 茶杯破了.
　　2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. he is retired. 他已退休.
　　3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构.
　　过去分词构成规则
　　1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：
　　(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加＂ ed ＂。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
　　(2)、以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂ d ＂。 live---lived---lived ,
　　(3)、以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂ ed ＂。
　　study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried ,
　　(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂ ed ＂。
　　stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
　　2 、不规则动词，见不规则表
　　一、当过去分词作为表语
　　the city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山.
　　【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作.
　　(1) the cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作)
　　(2) the library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语)
　　【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用 -ing 形式来修饰物.
　　(3) the book is interesting and i＂m interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣.
　　二、当过去分词作为定语
　　作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成.
　　1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前.
　　we must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况.
　　2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中.
　　the concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.
　　3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号.
　　the meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人.
　　4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.
　　the boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视.
　　三、当过去分词作为状语
　　1. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作.
　　(1) written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好.
　　【注意】written 为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写. 值得注意的是,有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦).
　　(2) lost / absorbed in deep thought, he didn＂t hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音.
　　2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致.
　　(1) given another hour, i can also work out this problem.
　　再给我一个小时,我也能解这道题.(given 为过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语为主句主语 i ,即 i 被再给一个小时.)
　　(2)_ seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
　　从山顶看城市,城市显得更漂亮.(seen 为过去分词作状语,表＂被看＂,由语境可知,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是＂我们＂,因为＂我们＂应主动看城市.)
　　【注意】如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构.
　　(1) the signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出,汽车就开动了.(the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语.
　　(2) her head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.(her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语.)
　　3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句.
　　(1) caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了. (caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语,它来源于原因状语从句 because he was caught in a heavy rain.)
　　(2)_grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快.( grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语,它来源于条件状语从句 if these seeds are grown in rich soil.
　　【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成＂连词+过去分词＂结构作状语.
　　when given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.
　　4. 过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开.
　　he stood there silently, moved to tears. = moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶.
　　四、当过去分词作为宾语补足语
　　(一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类:
　　1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等. (1) i heard the song sung in english. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌.(过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard;) (2)_he found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大.(过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found)
　　2. 表示＂致使＂意义的动词.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等.
　　(1) i＂ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发.
　　(2) he got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了.
　　(3) don＂t leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完.
　　3. 表示思维活动的动词如consider， know， think等后。如：
　　(1) i consider the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了。
　　(2) i thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain. 我认为自己在这场交易中有受愚弄了。
　　4. 表示爱憎､意愿的动词如want， wish， like， hate等后。如：
　　(1) i wanted two tickets reserved. 我要预定两张机票。
　　(2) he didn’t wish it mentioned. 他不愿这事被提起。
　　【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系.
　　(二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况.
　　1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成.
　　he had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了.(被别人偷去了)
　　2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如: he had his leg broken.他的腿断了. (自己的经历)
　　五、＂with +宾语+过去分词＂的结构
　　此结构中,过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语. (1) the murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.(表方式) (2) with water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件) (3) with the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因) (4)_she stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他. (5) he stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿.
　　练习
　　1. mr. smith, _______ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel.
　　a. tired; boring b. tiring; bored c. tired; bored d. tiring; boring
　　2. on getting to the kindergarten, the mother was glad to see her baby well _________.
　　a. looked for b. cared for c. take care of d. cared after
　　3. the two old sisters, _________ so long, held each other and burst into tears.
　　a. being separated b. having been separated
　　c. having separated d. had been separated
　　4. let’s have a rest. the _______ work made me very ________.
　　a. tired; tired b. tiring; tiring c. tired; tiring d. tiring; tired
　　5. just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone _________ to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out.
　　a. adding b. to have added c. to add d. added
　　6. as we all know, newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts can keep us ______ about what is happening in the world.
　　a. informing b. to inform c. informed d. being informed
　　7. everyone was ________ by his _______ progress which he made during the two months.
　　a. surprised; surprise b. surprised; surprised
　　c. surprised; surprising d. surprising; surprising
　　8. when he turned around, he found a pair of eyes _________ him.
　　a. looking b. watch at c. fixing on d. staring at
　　9. the film you saw last light was made _________ on a true story that happened many years ago. a. base b. to be based c. based d. basing
　　10. after _______ his work, the teacher came to help me with my english.
　　a. finished b. being finished c. having finished d. be finishing
　　11. follow the directions on the bottle carefully when __________the medicine.
　　a. you will take b. taking c. to take d. taken
　　12. the students, ________ their teachers, came home.
　　a. followed b. follow c. following d. will follow www.ks5u.com
　　13. the long-lasting war, filled with blood and deaths, ended in people’s sadness, _______ no result. a. reached b. to reach c. would reach d. reaching
　　14. they spent the night _________ in the room.
　　a. having locked b. locking c. to be locked d. locked
　　15. he wrote a letter to the king ___________.
　　a. hoping to be set free b. to set him free c. so that be set free d. asked to be set free
　　16. steven has devoted all his life to _______ films, and kate, his wife, is also ________ to the duty of her profession.
　　a. make; devoted b. making; devoting c. making; devoted d. make; devoting
　　17. ________ in the dark, his head hit against a tree.
　　a. walking b. he was walking c. walked d. when he was walking
　　18. time should be made good use ________ our lessons well.
　　a. of learning b. to learn c. to learning d. of to learn
　　19. the film, ________ true story of this red army general, attracted people’s interest all over the country.
　　a. is based on b. is on the base of
　　c. which is the base of d. based upon
　　20. she returned home from the market only to find the door open and a number of things_______.
　　a. stole b. missing c. missed d. losing
　　21. _________ it rains, we will stay at home.
　　a. supposed b. supposing c. to suppose d. if suppose
　　22. _________ with yours, our library is _________ too small a size.
　　a. comparing; in b. comparing; of c. compared; in d. compared; of
　　23. it’s dangerous to carry a hot pan with ________ oil.
　　a. burning b. burnt c. burn d. burns
　　24. we were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was of great value.
　　a. dated b. dating c. coming d. kept
　　25. the boy lay on his back, his teeth _______ and his glaring eyes _______ straight upwards.
　　a. set; looked b. set; looking c. setting; looked d. setting; looking
　　26. ________ in the forest, he had to ask for help by sending out signals.
　　a. having lost b. losing c. lost d. he was lost
　　27. the golden gate bridge, ________ several hundred years ago, is worldwide famous.
　　a. which is built b. which built c. having built d. built
　　28. i suggested the cheat _________ into prison.
　　a. referred to being put b. referred be put
　　c. referred should be put d. referred to be put
　　29. ___________, i went out for a walk.
　　a. there was nothing to do b. there being nothing to do
　　c. there had nothing to do d. had nothing to do
　　30. he returned home to learn that the girl ________ had been married the secretary village.
　　a. became engaged to him b. was engaged to him
　　c. engaged to him before d. got engaged to him
　　31. __________ at failing in the maths exam, john wouldn’t like to talk about it to his parents.
　　a. disappointed b. to be disappointed c. disappointing d. having disappointed
　　32. _________ in the dark cave, he was not afraid of being found by ________ enemy soldiers.
　　a. hidden; armed b. hide; armed c. hidden; arm d. hiding; armed
　　33. to have the wonderful cloth ________ new clothes, they had the machine ______ all day long.
　　a. made of; running b. made of; run c. made into; working d. made into; work
　　34. the world trade organization finally opened its door to china on november 10, _______ our chinese 15- year wait. a. to end b. ended c. ending d. ends
　　35. if _______ in wet sand, the vegetables can_______ fresh for a long time.
　　a. being buried; remain b. buried; remain c. buried; be remained d. burying; remain
　　36. _________ over and over again, but he still couldn’t understand.
　　a. having explained b. having been explained c. explaining d. it had been explained
　　37. everything _________, the plan is fairly practical, you can put it into practice.
　　a. considering b. taken into consideration c. to consider d. taking into consideration
　　38. ________ from the moon, our earth, with water _______ seventy percent of its surface, appears as a ＂ blue ball＂.
　　a. seen; covered b. seeing; covering c. seen; covering d. to see; to cover
　　39. a great big fellow, ________around 250 pounds, walked with slow heavy noisy footsteps up to the producer counter in the supermarket.
　　a. weighed b. weighing c. weighs d. weighty
　　40. --- the plan ________ is of great importance to everybody.
　　--- i see. he is sure to finish it on time.
　　a. made b. making c. to be made d. to make
　　41. from the dates________ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago. a. marking b. marked c. to be marked d. having been marked
　　42. hearing the good news, i felt a heavy load ________ my mind.
　　a. taking off b. to be taken off c. having taken off d. taken off
　　43. the students were listening to the teacher, with their eyes ________.
　　a. widely open b. wide opened c. widely opened d. wide open
　　44. the scientist came to the meeting with his wife ________ him.
　　a. being supported b. supporting c. supported d. support
　　45. the noise of the machines _________ can be clearly heard in our classroom.
　　a. fixed b. being fixed c. to be fixed d. having been fixed
　　46. after a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute __________.
　　a. being settled b. to be settled c. had settled d. as settled
　　47. the sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _________ on benches, chairs, or boxes. a. having seated b. seating c. seated d. seat
　　48. __________ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.
　　a. to look at b. looking at c. looked at d. to be looked at
　　49. _________ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $21,000.
　　a. to be judged the best b. having judged the best
　　c. judged the best d. judging the best
　　50. the president promised to keep all the board members _________ of how the negotiations were going on.
　　a. inform b. informing c. be informed d. informed
　　51. ________ with a difficult situation, arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.
　　a. to face b. having faced c. faced d. facing
　　52. when the first english settlers arrived in the new world, the indians ________ jewellery made of animal bones greeted them warmly.
　　a. wearing b. to wear c. worn d. having worn
　　53. reading is an experience quite different from watching tv; there are pictures ______ in your mind instead of before your eyes.
　　a. to form b. form c. forming d. having formed
　　54. when first _________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
　　a. introducing b. introduced c. introduce d. being introduced
　　55. it shames me to say it, but i told a lie when _________ at the meeting by my boss.
　　a. questioning b. having questioned c. questioned d. to be questioned
　　56. ________ in the queue for half an hour, tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. a. to wait b. have waited c. having waited d. to have waited
　　57. the flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
　　a. to smell b. smelling c. smelt d. to be smelt
　　58. the disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party. www.ks5u.com
　　a. recorded b. recording c. to be recorded d. having recorded
　　59. having been attacked by terrorists, ___________.
　　a. doctors came to their rescue b. the tall building collapsed
　　c. an emergency measure was taken d. warnings were given to tourists
　　60. ________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from london decided to spend anther two days on the farm.
　　a. attracting b. attracted c. to be attracted d. having attracted
　　61. the old man, _________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his mother.
　　a. to work b. working c. to have worked d. having worked
　　62. linda worked for the minnesota manufacturing and mining company, ________ as 3m.
　　a. knowing b. known c. being known d. to be known
　　63. _________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two days.
　　a. not completing b. not completed c. not having completed d. not completed
　　64. laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents ________. a. worried b. to worry c. worrying d. worry
　　65.he looked around and caught a man ________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
　　a. put b. to be putting c. to put d. putting
　　66. sarah, hurry up. i’m afraid you won’t have time to ________ before the party.
　　a. get changed b. get change c. get changing d. get to change
　　67. after his journey from abroad, richard jones returned home, __________.
　　a. exhausting b. exhausted c. being exhausted d. having exhausted
　　68. a cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.
　　a. smoke b. smoking c. to smoke d. smoked
　　69. suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _______ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods. a. seizing; disappeared b. seized; disappeared
　　c. seizing; disappearing d. seized; disappearing
　　70. ________ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
　　a. having given b. to give c. giving d. given
　　71. generally speaking, _______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
　　a. when taking b. when taken c. when to take d. when to be taken
　　72. friendship is like money: easier made than __________.
　　a. kept b. to be kept c. keeping d. being kept
　　73. unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
　　a. invited b. inviting c. being invited d. having invited
　　74. having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it. a. to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. seen
　　75. the research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.
　　a. begins b. having begun c. beginning d. begun
　　76. ________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s health.
　　a. exposed b. having exposed c. being exposed d. after being exposed
　　77. the bell _______ the end of the period rang, _______our heated discussion.
　　a. indicating; interrupting b. indicated; interrupting
　　c. indicating; interrupted d. indicated; interrupted
　　78. mr reed made up his mind to devoted all he had to _______ some schools for poor children.
　　a. set up b. setting up c. have set up d. having set up
　　79. __________ from heart trouble for years, professor white has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
　　a. suffered b. suffering c. having suffered d. being suffered
　　80. the managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______ the next year.
　　a. carry out b. carrying out c. carried out d. to carry out
　　81. _________ in 1636, harvard is one of the most famous universities in the united states.
　　a. being found b. it was founded c. founded d. founding
　　82. the picture ________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
　　a. having hung b. hanging c. hangs d. being hung
　　83. the _______ boy was last seen _______ near the east lake.
　　a. missing; playing b. missing; play c. missed; played d. missed; to play
　　84. ________ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
　　a. given b. to give c. giving d. having given
　　85. european football is played in 80 countries, ________ it the most popular sport in the world.
　　a. making b. makes c. made d. to make
　　86. _________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
　　a. losing b. having lost c. lost d. to lose
　　87. the lady said that she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _________.
　　a. 20 dollars remained b. 20 dollars to remain
　　c. remained 20 dollars d. remaining 20 dollars
　　88. _________ and happy, tonny stood up and accepted the prize.
　　a. surprising b. surprised c. being surprised d. to be surprising
　　89. a good story doesn’t necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left _________.
　　a. unsatisfied b. unsatisfying c. to be unsatisfying d. being unsatisfied
　　90. five people won the ＂ china’s green figure＂ award, a title _______ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.
　　a. being given b. is given c. given d. was given
　　91. the first textbooks _________ for teaching english as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. a. having written b. to be written c. being written d. written
　　92. the computer centre, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
　　a. open b. opening c. having opened d. opened
　　93. john was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes __________.
　　a. open b. to be opened c. to open d. opening
　　94. the murderer was brought in with his hands _________ behind his back.
　　a. being tied b. having tied c. to be tied d. tied
　　95.¬¬¬_________ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
　　a. given b. to give c. giving d. having given
　　96. cleaning women in big cities usually get _______ by the hour.
　　a. pay b. paying c. paid d. to pay
　　97. the olympic games, ________ in 776 b.c., did not include women players until 1912.
　　a. first playing b. to be first played c. first played d. to be first playing
　　98. the pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ as the plane was making a landing. a. seat b. seating c. seated d. to be seating
　　99. ________such heavy pollutions already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
　　a. having suffered b. suffering c. to suffer d. suffered
　　100. sugar, when ________ with water, dissolves quickly.
　　a. mixed b. mixing c. mix d. is mixed
　　答案：1-10abbdd ccdcc 11-20bcadb cdddb 21-30bdabb cddbc 31-40aaccb dbcbc 41-50bddbb dcccd 51-60cacbc cbabb 61-70bbaad adbdd 71-80baabd cabbc 81-90cbaaa cdbac 90-100ddada cccaa